{"id":930,"date":"2024-01-29T10:47:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T09:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoferpoints.it\/tione\/"},"modified":"2024-05-27T12:17:25","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T10:17:25","slug":"tione","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hoferpoints.it\/en\/tione\/","title":{"rendered":"Tione"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”rgba(197,196,193,0.3)” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”2%” bottom_padding=”1%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][toggles style=”minimal_small”][toggle color=”Default” heading_tag=”default” heading_tag_functionality=”default” title=”Who was Andreas Hofer?”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-3-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”right” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text][divider line_type=”no-line” custom_height=”40″]\n

Andreas Hofer is still revered by many in Tyrol as a hero today, more than 250 years after his death.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In any case, he is \u2013 alongside \u00d6tzi and Reinhold Messner \u2013 one of the most famous Tyroleans.
\nHe was born on 22 November 1767 at the Sandhof Inn in St. Leonhard in Passeier and, after a difficult childhood, became captain of a militia company<\/em> in the Passeier Valley. He rose to the command of the Tyroleans in the battles against the Bavarians, who had occupied the land in 1806, as well as against Napoleon\u2019s troops. In the main battles on the Bergisel mountain near Innsbruck (in part supported by Austrian troops) he three times succeeded in repelling superior enemy forces. On 15 August 1809 he established himself in the Hofburg Palace in Innsbruck, where he acted as Regent for two and a half months. On 14 October, in an unexpected turn, Austria was compelled to cede the now re-annexed Tyrol to Bavaria under the Treaty of Sch\u00f6nbrunn. Unable to comprehend this act, Hofer lost the fourth Battle of Bergisel on All Saints\u2019 Day, 1809. In the weeks that followed he paid excessive heed to radical fellow fighters, issuing pointless orders to continue the fighting. The French revenged themselves with terrible retaliatory measures on the local population. At the end of November Hofer fled to a mountain hut, the \u201cPfandleralm\u201d. Betrayed by a compatriot, he was captured there on 27 January 1810 and first taken to Meran with his son Johann, wife Anna and scribe Kajetan Sweth: he was subsequently brought in several stages to Mantua where, on the orders of Napoleon, he was shot on 20 February 1810 following a mock trial. He did not attempt to flee as he was wedded to the belief that he would have to pay for his actions.<\/p>\n[divider line_type=”no-line” custom_height=”20″]\n

Text: Albin Pixner, MuseumPasseier
\nEnglish translation: Gareth Norbury<\/h6>\n
Literature:
\nOberhofer Andreas, Der Andere Hofer. Der Mensch hinter dem Mythos. Schlern-Schriften, 2009.
\nRohrer Josef, Heroes & Hofer. When Andreas Hofer came in the museum. 2009.<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-3-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”256″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1706522115594{padding-top: 5% !important;}”]Andreas Hofer, coloured etching of Johann Georg Schedler, 1809. <\/em><\/p>\n
Photo: MuseumPasseier<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”3%” bottom_padding=”1%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-5-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color=”rgba(197,196,193,0.3)” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_custom_heading text=”Tione, November 1809″ font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:30|text_align:left” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1716804963331{padding-bottom: 4% !important;}”][vc_column_text]By November 1809 the popular uprising in Trentino led by Andreas Hofer had been suppressed in every valley. Irregular bands of diehards and incomers from neighbouring regions remained in the region. These latter, wishing to escape the conscription imposed in their areas, had deserted in order to seek refuge in the Tyrolean valleys and had enlisted in the companies of Sch\u00fctzen. They could no longer return to their places of origin as there they would face the death penalty.<\/p>\n

The Upper Garda region particularly suffered from the presence of these refugees who, at the end of the insurrection, could only survive through raids and acts of banditry. They found shelter in the Giudicarie, in particular around Tione. At the end of November a battalion of 600 French soldiers, led by Captain Carrara, left Riva for Tione and crossed the Durone Pass; near the hamlet of Brevine they met an irregular band, apparently some 300 strong and commanded by Captain Colombo, who had lodgings at the house of Tomasi. The rebels were surprised at dawn of the morning of 26 November, despite having been warned by a messenger sent secretly from Riva. After a firefight in the town, some sixty men were captured by the French and shot on the spot: among them was Captain Giovanni Santoni of Arco. Their bodies were left on show for three days on the bridge over the Arn\u00f2. This was one of the bloodiest episodes of the repression of the revolt of 1809 and had a strongly negative impression on the people of the valley, to the point that the French recalled Captain Carrara and sent him elsewhere. The following months saw the hunt continue for underground fighters, who by now had little hope: if they managed to escape the raids conducted by the French by fleeing to the remotest places up in the mountains, they would be driven by hunger back to the valley floor, where they were inevitably captured. A few however managed to save themselves, aided by those who offered them sanctuary.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”1023″ image_size=”full” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”Fade In” animation_easing=”default” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” img_link_large=”yes” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1716805041347{padding-top: 5% !important;}”]Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte, the French Emperor, painted in 1810 by the painter Domenico Zeni for the Town Hall of Trento. This type of official portrayal was widely used during the French domination in institutional buildings throughout what is now Trentino.<\/em><\/p>\n

Foto: Fondazione Museo storico del Trentino<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”2%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n
Text: Marco Ischia, Fondazione Museo storico del Trentino<\/h6>\n
Bibliography:
\nAndreis Girolamo, Andrea Hoffer o la sollevazione del Tirolo del 1809: memorie. Milano, Gnocchi, 1856
\nBoni Domenico, \u201cEpisodio storico di sanguinosa repressione seguito a Tione durante il dominio bavarese 1809\u201d. In: Per le nozze Valenti-Berti: 18 maggio 1896. Trento, Scotoni e Vitti, 1896
\nDalponte Lorenzo, Uomini e genti trentine durante le invasioni napoleoniche: 1796-1810. Trento, TEMI, 1984
\nIschia Marco, Andreas Hofer e l\u2019Alto Garda: dalle guerre napoleoniche alla rivoluzione dell\u2019Anno Nove. Arco, Il Sommolago, 2009<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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