{"id":584,"date":"2020-11-26T10:23:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T09:23:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hoferpoints.it.w01a540f.kasserver.com\/neumarkt\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T10:19:03","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T09:19:03","slug":"neumarkt","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hoferpoints.it\/en\/neumarkt\/","title":{"rendered":"Neumarkt"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” bg_color=”rgba(197,196,193,0.3)” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”2%” bottom_padding=”1%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][toggles style=”minimal_small”][toggle color=”Default” title=”Who was Andreas Hofer?”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-3-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”right” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text][divider line_type=”no-line” custom_height=”40″]\n

Andreas Hofer is still revered by many in Tyrol as a hero today, more than 250 years after his death.<\/strong><\/p>\n

In any case, he is \u2013 alongside \u00d6tzi and Reinhold Messner \u2013 one of the most famous Tyroleans.
\nHe was born on 22 November 1767 at the Sandhof Inn in St. Leonhard in Passeier and, after a difficult childhood, became captain of a militia company<\/em> in the Passeier Valley. He rose to the command of the Tyroleans in the battles against the Bavarians, who had occupied the land in 1806, as well as against Napoleon\u2019s troops. In the main battles on the Bergisel mountain near Innsbruck (in part supported by Austrian troops) he three times succeeded in repelling superior enemy forces. On 15 August 1809 he established himself in the Hofburg Palace in Innsbruck, where he acted as Regent for two and a half months. On 14 October, in an unexpected turn, Austria was compelled to cede the now re-annexed Tyrol to Bavaria under the Treaty of Sch\u00f6nbrunn. Unable to comprehend this act, Hofer lost the fourth Battle of Bergisel on All Saints\u2019 Day, 1809. In the weeks that followed he paid excessive heed to radical fellow fighters, issuing pointless orders to continue the fighting. The French revenged themselves with terrible retaliatory measures on the local population. At the end of November Hofer fled to a mountain hut, the \u201cPfandleralm\u201d. Betrayed by a compatriot, he was captured there on 27 January 1810 and first taken to Meran with his son Johann, wife Anna and scribe Kajetan Sweth: he was subsequently brought in several stages to Mantua where, on the orders of Napoleon, he was shot on 20 February 1810 following a mock trial. He did not attempt to flee as he was wedded to the belief that he would have to pay for his actions.<\/p>\n[divider line_type=”no-line” custom_height=”20″]\n

Text: Albin Pixner, MuseumPasseier
\nEnglish translation: Gareth Norbury<\/h6>\n
Literature:
\nOberhofer Andreas, Der Andere Hofer. Der Mensch hinter dem Mythos. Schlern-Schriften, 2009.
\nRohrer Josef, Heroes & Hofer. When Andreas Hofer came in the museum. 2009.<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”padding-3-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”left” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”256″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1615535926749{padding-top: 5% !important;}”]Andreas Hofer, coloured etching of Johann Georg Schedler, 1809. <\/em><\/p>\n
Photo: MuseumPasseier<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/toggle][\/toggles][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” top_padding=”3%” bottom_padding=”1%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-5-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color=”rgba(197,196,193,0.3)” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_custom_heading text=”The Court Usher\u2019s House” font_container=”tag:h1|font_size:30|text_align:left” use_theme_fonts=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1615564946696{padding-bottom: 4% !important;}”][vc_column_text]In juridical terms, Neumarkt fell under the district court of Enn and Kardiff, which was based in Enn Castle near Montan, because (like other Tyrolean markets) it had no lower court of its own. The district judge nevertheless had at his disposal the small court usher\u2019s house in the Unterer Markt (Lower Market), which had its own prison. In this house \u2013 probably not in the dark ground-floor cellar, but rather on the first floor \u2013 Andreas Hofer spent the night of 30-31 January 1810. The building has since 1920 been in the possession of the Renzi family. The current owner is Wolfgang Renzi.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”740″ animation=”Fade In” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1637234464250{padding-top: 5% !important;}”]The prison cell of Andreas Hofer. <\/em><\/p>\n
Photo: Albin Pixner<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”1%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-5-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color=”rgba(197,196,193,0.3)” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

Hofer\u2019s friendship with Vinzenz von P\u00fchler<\/h2>\n[divider line_type=”no-line” custom_height=”20″]\n

While in prison in Neumarkt, Andreas Hofer met his friend Vinzenz P\u00fchler (Pichler?), who offered to lend him the sum of 50 guilders and gave him a prayer book. P\u00fchler was from a noble family and had married Elisabeth, Baroness von Schneeberg. His friendship with Hofer dated back to the time when Hofer would visit Neumarkt as a wine and horse trader. During the battles of 1796-97, Hofer visited Neumarkt several times as the head of the Passeier militiamen and, in April and July 1809, he fought together with P\u00fchler on the Nonsberg.
\nHofer probably sent his famous last letter from his cell in Mantua to P\u00fchler, because P\u00fchler had already forwarded Hofer\u2019s letter from Neumarkt to his wife, and because P\u00fchler had also been Hofer\u2019s last confidant on Tyrolean soil. Hofer\u2019s last letter, with a covering letter from the priest Provost Johann Baptist Manifesti, was handed over by one of the Tyroleans to Josef von Giovanelli in Bozen, who then forwarded it to Vinzenz P\u00fchler. The latter in turn handed the letter to Hofer\u2019s wife and carried out the wishes written therein.
\nVinzenz von P\u00fchler later fell into melancholy and, like his son Josef before him, chose to commit suicide in the River Etsch.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”1%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”padding-5-percent” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color=”rgba(197,196,193,0.3)” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

Hofer\u2018s letter from Neumarkt<\/h2>\n[divider line_type=”no-line” custom_height=”20″]\n

\u201cTo the honourable Mrs Maria Anna Hofer, n\u00e9e Ladurner, in St. Martin in Passeier.
\nTo be handed to the Unterwirt Inn.
\nNeumarkt, around 5.00 pm on 30 January 1810.
\nMy dearest wife!
\nSo far I have arrived happily and since, through the intercession of Mr Vinzenz von P\u00fchler, who also sends his greetings to the landlord of the Stroblwirt Inn, I have received permission first to make a request to H. E. the General and then to write to you. I wrote to the General to ask that he release all my writings, as well as a calendar containing the invoices from our domestic affairs and moreover the pharmacopoeias, and to seal them all and send them to you. I also asked the General to permit our son, who is in Bozen, to go and stay with you at home until he is completely cured and, as soon as the General requests him, to present himself once more. Do not settle the bill with the landlord of the Lion Inn in Meran without the carter Hau\u00df [= Hans?, note] being present, because he knows everything, as well as that several items are written in the calendar that you will also receive by messenger. You should also ask Simon K\u00f6lb whether he has received his summer wages from the landlord of the Lion. Before you settle up with anyone, unless it is a man you know well, do nothing until you have asked me; I hope that you will be allowed to write to me, even if the letters must be unsealed. By the way, I have great pleasure in telling you that I am being treated very well by the French officers, and here too I have been billeted quite well and in a most friendly way. You can thus be partly reassured about my fate, as God is sure to take care not only of me, but also of you and our dear children. Mr von P\u00fchler also ensured that I had the opportunity to tell the officers how I treated the land, how I dealt with all the prisoners, and how I was ultimately treated and thought of by my own people.
\nThe officers showed considerable kindness towards me in respect of all these things. Dearest wife, should you go to Kaltern to visit the church there, go and see Mr Morandell. So rest reassured, I hope with the help of God to see you once again, and if it is not to be so, I surrender myself entirely to the will of God; I have acted as an honest man in all respects and I therefore fear nothing. Ask everyone therefore that God should support me and all of you; I kiss you and my dear children and will always remain your Andreas Hofer. The above-mentioned Mr von P\u00fchler has even offered to lend me as much money as I might want; but I have taken four guilders for now that I have this very moment received. To all of my friends who remain, I send kind greetings.\u201d[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”full_width_background” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” bottom_padding=”2%” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text]\n

Text: Albin Pixner, MuseumPasseier
\nEnglish translation: Gareth Norbury<\/h6>\n
Literature:
\nGraf Werner, Andreas Hofer und die Passeirer im Jahr 1809. 2009.
\nGranichstaedten-Czerva Rudolf, Andreas Hofers alte Garde. 1932.
\nHye, Franz-Heinz, Neumarkt. Historisches Antlitz eines trientinisch-tirolischen \u201eBurgum\u201c. In: Das S\u00fcdtiroler Unterland, Hrg. S\u00fcdtiroler Kulturinstitut. 1980.
\nOberhofer Andreas, Der Andere Hofer. Der Mensch hinter dem Mythos. Schlern-Schriften, 2009.
\nOberhofer Andreas, Weltbild eines Helden. Andreas Hofers schriftliche Hinterlassenschaft. Schlern-Schriften, 2008.
\nPaulin Karl, Andreas Hofer und der Tiroler Freiheitskampf 1809. 1970.
\nRohrer Josef, Heroes & Hofer. When Andreas Hofer came in the museum. 2009.<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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